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In 1701, the Swedish astronomer Andres Celsius, who in 1742 made a plan for the first thermometer, is born.
In 1607, John Harvard is born. Harvard University is named after him because he was the College’s first benefactor. Upon his death in 1638 he left his library and half his estate to the institution.
In 1844, the German engineer Carl Friedrich Benz is born. He is regarded as the inventor of the petrol-powered automobile and was the inventor of the two-stroke engine.
In 1906, the Slovenian poet Simon Gregorčič dies. He was called the Nightingale of Gorizia. In 1859, Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species.
In 1747, in Trieste Baron Zois, a mentor Slovenian writers of the period of Enlightenment, is born. In 1859, the American bandit Billy the Kid is born.
In 1497, the Portuguese seafarer and explorer Vasco Da Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope. The discovery of the sea route to India was written down in the history of mankind.
In 1694, the French philosopher, writer and historian Voltaire is born. He is considered the greatest representative of European Enlightenment.
In 1813, Fran Miklošič is born. He became one of the most important Slovene linguists. He influenced the Slovenian literary language, especially in the stabilization of orthography.
In 1808, the Slovenian journalist, politician, doctor and veterinarian Janez Bleiweis is born. He became leader of the so-called Old Slovene political movement.
In 1786 Jacques Daguerre, the French painter and inventor, is born. He is considered a pioneer of photography. The photographic process is called daguerreotype, after him.
In 1558, Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII. and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, becomes Queen of England. In 1786, the German Romantic composer and conductor Carl Maria von Weber is born.
In 1717, the French philosopher Jean D'Alembert is born. Together with Diderot he published the famous Encyclopaedia, which covers 35 books.
In 1714, Robert Fulton, inventor of the steamboat, is born. His path to becoming an inventor started with him being a jewellery apprentice, and then continued as a painter.
In 1560, Archbishop of Ljubljana Tomaž Hren is born. In 1660 he became president of the Reformation Commission.
In 1694, Francois-Marie Arouet, the French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher who was known by his nom de plume Voltaire, is born. He defended freedom, tolerance and justice.
In 1821 in Moscow, the Russian writer and representative of realism Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky is born. His most famous novels are Crime and Punishment, Besi, The Idiot, The Brothers Karamazov.
In 1799, with the support of the French army, General Napoleon Bonaparte formed an interim government. He became the first consul, and in this way brought together legislative and executive powers.
In 1781, the last burning at the stake by the Spanish Inquisition is staged on this day in Seville. In 1867, in Warsaw the French scientist of Polish descent Marie Curie is born.
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