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In 1871 German revolutionary leader and journalist Rosa Luxemburg is born. During the German Revolution she founded The Red Flag, the central organ of the Spartacist movement.
In 1475 Italian Renaissance sculptor and painter Michelangelo Buonarroti is born. Among other works he painted the Sistine Chapel. In 1678 violinist Antonio Vivaldi is born.
In 1831 the American inventor George Mortimer Pullman is born. In 1864 he designed and manufactured the Pullman sleeping car.
In 1791 the first traffic lights are erected in Paris. In 1796 Napoleon Bonaparte is named Commander of the French army in Italy.
In 1565 the city of Rio de Janeiro is founded. In 1692 the first Salem witch trials began. In 1921 the satiric masterpiece ‘The Good Soldier Schweik’ is published.
In 1420 following the death of the last Count Frederick III of Ortenburg, who died without heirs, Count Herman II of Celje inherited his estates
In 1935 American organic chemist Wallace Carothers is credited with the discovery of nylon.
In 1873 Italian tenor of world fame Enrico Caruso is born in Naples. His repertoire consisted of more than 60 opera roles and 500 songs.
In 1770 Italian Baroque composer and violinist Giuseppe Tartini dies. In 1797 the Bank of England issues the first one pound note. In 1802 French poet and novelist Victor Hugo is born.
In 1707 Italian playwright and librettist Carlo Goldoni is born in Venice. His best known works are Servant of Two masters, The Shrewd Widow and The Mistress of the Inn.
In 1075 the Church Synod in Rome enacted celibacy. In 1815 American mechanic and inventor Robert Fulton dies. He developed the first submarine and first steamboat.
In 1443, Matthias Corvinus, the king of Hungary is born. In 1685, the German Baroque composer Georg Friderich Handel is born. In 1821, the English poet and romantic John Keats dies in Rome.
In 1512 Italian explorer and navigator Amerigo Vespucci dies. The New World came to be called America, probably after the feminized Latin version of Vespucci's first name.
In 1842 John J. Greenough patented the sewing machine. In 1878 the first telephone directory was published in Connecticut.
In 1790 German Emperor Joseph II. dies. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa. In 1838 American inventor Samuel Morse demonstrates a machine that can send messages and ‘write at a distance’.
In 1473, Polish scientist and founder of modern astronomy Nikolaj Kopernik is born. In 1660, the German doctor Friedrich Hoffmann is born.
In 1546 Martin Luther dies. Luther was the founder of Protestantism in Germany and one of the leaders of the Reformation.
In 1600, at the Inquisition process in Rome, Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned to death at the stake due to his teachings about the infinity of space and diversity of space-based systems.
In 399 BC one of the greatest Greek philosophers Socrates is sentenced to death. In 1959 Fidel Castro becomes the President of Cuba. In 1959 American tennis player John McEnroe is born.
In 1564 in Pisa, Italian philosopher and physicist Galileo Galilei is born. 'And yet it moves' is a phrase he uttered before the Inquisition.
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