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In 1681, the most important representative of the Spanish Baroque playwright Pedro Calderon de la Barca dies in Madrid. In 1883 the Brooklyn Bridge in New York is opened.
In the year 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer, dies. Among other things, he proved that the Earth is not the centre of the universe.
In 1906 the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen dies. His most important works are Nora, Ghosts, Enemy of the People, The Lady from the Sea.
In 337 the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great dies. He was the first Roman emperor to be converted to Christianity. In 1813 the German composer Wilhelm Richard Wagner is born.
In 1471 in Nuremberg German painter Albrecht Dürer is born. He secured a reputation as one of the most important figures of the Northern Renaissance.
In 1506 the Italian-Spanish seafarer Christopher Columbus dies. In 1609 the London publisher Thomas Thorpe published the first of William Shakespeare’s sonnets.
In 1536, King Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn, beheaded for adultery. In 1925 the fighter for the civil rights of blacks, Malcolm X, is born.
In 1711 in Dubrovnik, Croatian scientist Rudjer Josip Boskovic is born. He produced a precursor of atomic theory and made many contributions to astronomy.
In 1510, in Florence the leading Florentine painter of the early Renaissance Sandro Botticelli dies.
In 1527, the citizens of the city of Florence expelled the Medici family; the city was declared a republic.
In 1773, the Austrian politician Clemens Wenzel von Metternich is born. He is the author of the infamous absolutist regime that oppressed the national and liberation movements in Europe.
In 1643 Louis XIV becomes King of France. In 1686 physicist Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit is born. He is the inventor of the first truly reliable thermometer.
In1820, the English nurse Florence Nightingale, founder of modern nursing, the pioneer of hygiene and sanitation work, is born.
In 482 the Byzantine emperor Justinian is born, who during his reign tried to restore the Roman Empire. He had the famous church Hagia Sofia in Istanbul built.
In 1497 the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci set off on his first voyage to America. In 1876 the Slovenian writer Ivan Cankar is born. He is considered Slovenia's greatest writer.
In 1502 from a Spanish port Christopher Columbus sets sail on his final journey to the New World. Columbus was convinced that he had discovered the sea route to India.
In 1828 the founder of the international humanitarian organization Red Cross, Henry Dunant is born. Today is World Red Cross Day. In 1877 in New York the first exhibition of dogs opens.
In 1825 in Vienna the Italian composer Antonio Salieri dies. He was a contemporary of Mozart and a teacher of Beethoven, Schubert and Liszt.
In 1758 one of the most important leaders of the French Revolution Francois Isidore de Robespierre is born. In 1856 psychiatrist Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, is born.
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